Learn more about the future of carbon accounting and sustainability reporting. From new laws to technological innovations - everything at a glance.
GHG emissions that are a consequence of the activities of an entity but occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity. Indirect emissions are Scope 2 GHG emissions and scope 3 GHG emissions combined.
Indirect emissions are greenhouse gas emissions caused by a company's activities but do not originate directly from its own sources. They primarily include emissions from purchased energy (Scope 2) and emissions across the entire value chain (Scope 3).
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an international body of climate scientists who study the scientific, technical, and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the risks of human-caused climate change.
The internal carbon price is a monetary value that companies apply to their own emissions to promote sustainable decisions.
An organisational arrangement that allows an undertaking to apply carbon prices in strategic and operational decision making. There are two types of internal carbon prices commonly used by undertakings. The first type is a shadow price, which is a theoretical cost or notional amount that the undertaking does not charge but that can be used in assessing the economic implications or trade-offs for such things as risk impacts, new investments, net present value of projects, and the cost-benefit of various initiatives. The second type is an internal tax or fee, which is a carbon price charged to a business activity, product line, or other business unit based on its GHG emissions (these internal taxes or fees are similar to intracompany transfer pricing).
The Kyoto Protocol obliges industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It was adopted in 1997 and sets a binding framework for global climate protection.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a systematic method for analyzing the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service throughout its entire lifecycle. Typically, the entire value chain is considered, from material extraction to the finished product, its usage phase, and end-of-life.
The Little Ice Age was a period of regional cooling in Europe from the 14th to the 19th century.
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