Downstream emissions

Downstream emissions are indirect greenhouse gas emissions that are recorded as part of Scope 3 of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. They result from the use, disposal, or processing of a company's products and services after they leave the company's direct control.

Downstream emissions refer to the indirect greenhouse gas emissions categorized under Scope 3 of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. These emissions occur after the sale of products or services and include all greenhouse gases resulting from the use, processing, distribution, and ultimately disposal of products. Given the complexity of modern supply chains and the nature of the products manufactured, downstream emissions often represent the largest share of a company's total CO₂ footprint.

The categories of downstream emissions are multifaceted and include, among others:

- Downstream transport and distribution: Emissions that occur during the delivery of products to the end consumer.

- Processing of sold products: Emissions that arise from energy use during the processing of products.

- Use of sold products: Emissions that occur when using consumer goods, such as electrical appliances or vehicles.

- Disposal/end-of-life treatment: Emissions resulting from waste treatment and recycling of products after their useful life.

The capture of these emissions is often challenging, as it requires detailed knowledge of consumer behavior and logistics processes. However, companies can actively contribute to reducing downstream emissions by developing durable and energy-efficient products, promoting sustainable logistics solutions, and supporting waste treatment initiatives. In an era where sustainability is becoming increasingly important, the precise capture and management of downstream emissions is a crucial prerequisite for meeting global climate goals.